More recently, silica (silicon dioxide, which comes from sand) has come to the forefront.

近年来，土（从沙土中提取的二氧）经脱颖而出。

The primary component of the most common form of sand is silicon dioxide.

沙子最基本形式的基础成分是二氧。

The sample also contained silicon dioxide and silica glass.

样品还含有二氧和二氧玻璃。

The fragment of silicon dioxide in the sample recorded the pressure and subsequent heat and depressurization of a lunar impact event.

样品中的二氧碎片记录了月球撞击事件的压力以随后的热量和减压。

Here, oxygen gas reacts with the wafer to form a layer of silicon dioxide.

在这里，氧气与片反应形成一层二氧。

Trickling down through gaps in soil and rock, water flows through sandstone, limestone, and basalt, picking up a microscopic compound called silicon dioxide.

水从土壤和岩石的缝隙滴下来，流过沙岩、石灰岩，以玄武岩，因而携带二氧矽这种微小合物。

Using the  mask, the revealed silicon dioxide is etched away down to the previous layer.

使用掩模，露出的二氧被蚀刻掉直至上一层。

Glass is mostly sand, silicon dioxide, but add some potash and you reduce the melting point.

玻璃主要是沙子、二氧、 但添加一些钾 就会降低熔点。

First a layer of insulating silicon dioxide is deposited onto the wafer.

首先在晶片上沉积一层绝缘二氧。

A single  metal layer is now completed, and the wafer is ready for the next cycle to begin where insulating  silicon dioxide and the vias will be added.

单个金属层现完成，晶圆准备好开始下一个循环， 其中将添加绝缘二氧和通孔。

To start, a layer of insulating silicon dioxide is deposited  on top of the wafer and then a layer of light sensitive photoresist is spread across the top.

首先，在晶圆顶部沉积一层绝缘二氧，然后在顶部涂上一层感光光刻胶。

It's made from the stuff of microchips: silicon, a layer of silicon dioxide, and on top a very thin film of silicon nitride, which is perforated by a grid of microscopic circular holes.

、二氧层以最上层非常薄的氮薄膜，而这层薄膜被打上排成网格状的微小圆孔。

With the mask  layer built, the wafer goes to an etching tool, where a plasma etcher removes a vertical column  through the exposed silicon dioxide until it reaches the previous layer's metal vias.

构建掩模层后， 晶圆进入蚀刻工具，等离子蚀刻机通过暴露的二氧去除垂直柱， 直到到达前一层的金属通孔。